Sanitary pads are essential menstrual hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual blood, keep you dry, and prevent leaks. The science behind sanitary pads involves advanced materials and technologies that ensure comfort, dryness, and protection. Here’s how they work:
1. Absorbent Core
The core of a sanitary pad is made from super-absorbent polymers (SAP) or cellulose fibers. These materials are capable of absorbing and locking away large amounts of fluid. SAPs can absorb up to 30 times their weight in liquid, converting it into a gel-like substance. This prevents the liquid from leaking or being reabsorbed.
2. Top Layer (Covering)
The top layer, often called the “topsheet,” is the part of the pad that touches your skin. It’s made from a soft, non-woven fabric that feels comfortable. The material is designed to be breathable and porous to allow fluid to pass through quickly into the absorbent core while keeping the surface dry. Many pads also have a moisture-wicking layer to reduce any wetness in contact with the skin.
3. Breathable Back Layer
The back layer, or the “back sheet,” is typically made of a plastic or waterproof material to prevent fluid from leaking through the bottom of the pad. Modern pads often have a breathable film that allows air to flow, reducing heat and moisture buildup, which helps in preventing skin irritation.
4. Adhesive Strips
Pads have adhesive strips on the back to secure them to underwear, preventing shifting during movement. This ensures the pad stays in place, providing consistent protection.
5. Wings
Many sanitary pads come with side “wings,” which fold around the sides of the underwear. These wings help keep the pad secure and offer extra protection against leaks from the sides.
6. pH Balance and Skin Protection
Some pads are designed with a pH-balanced layer that helps neutralize odor and maintain a skin-friendly environment. Others may have hypoallergenic materials to prevent irritation, especially for sensitive skin.
7. Odor Control Technology
Modern pads often include odor control features that help neutralize odors without using heavy perfumes. This is achieved through materials that trap odor molecules and prevent them from escaping.
Conclusion
Sanitary pads are a result of carefully engineered materials working together to absorb fluid, keep it away from the skin, and ensure comfort. Their design is focused on protection, breathability, and staying securely in place, allowing users to go about their day without worrying about leaks or discomfort.